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Decay of Planetary Debris Disks
We report new Spitzer 24 μm photometry of 76 main-sequence A-typestars. We combine these results with previously reported Spitzer 24μm data and 24 and 25 μm photometry from the Infrared SpaceObservatory and the Infrared Astronomy Satellite. The result is a sampleof 266 stars with mass close to 2.5 Msolar, all detected toat least the ~7 σ level relative to their photospheric emission.We culled ages for the entire sample from the literature and/orestimated them using the H-R diagram and isochrones; they range from 5to 850 Myr. We identified excess thermal emission using an internallyderived K-24 (or 25) μm photospheric color and then compared allstars in the sample to that color. Because we have excluded stars withstrong emission lines or extended emission (associated with nearbyinterstellar gas), these excesses are likely to be generated by debrisdisks. Younger stars in the sample exhibit excess thermal emission morefrequently and with higher fractional excess than do the older stars.However, as many as 50% of the younger stars do not show excessemission. The decline in the magnitude of excess emission, for thosestars that show it, has a roughly t0/time dependence, witht0~150 Myr. If anything, stars in binary systems (includingAlgol-type stars) and λ Boo stars show less excess emission thanthe other members of the sample. Our results indicate that (1) there issubstantial variety among debris disks, including that a significantnumber of stars emerge from the protoplanetary stage of evolution withlittle remaining disk in the 10-60 AU region and (2) in addition, it islikely that much of the dust we detect is generated episodically bycollisions of large planetesimals during the planet accretion end game,and that individual events often dominate the radiometric properties ofa debris system. This latter behavior agrees generally with what we knowabout the evolution of the solar system, and also with theoreticalmodels of planetary system formation.
| The fundamental parameters of the Algol binary AI Draconis revisited
We present the results of an analysis of our infrared light curves ofthe Algol-type binary AI Draconis in the J, H and K bands, and ofpublished light curves in the B, V and Strömgren uvby bands,together with spectra obtained by us. The analysis of the light curveswas carried out using a code based on ATLAS model atmospheres and Rochegeometry.The small contribution of the secondary cool component to the totallight of the system in the visible, producing light curves with veryshallow secondary eclipses, makes the stellar and orbital parametersderived from light-curve analysis in the visible spectral rangeuncertain. The larger contribution of the secondary star to the infraredfluxes makes this range particularly well suited to the derivation ofprecise orbital and stellar parameters in binaries of Algol type. Fromthe simultaneous solution of the infrared JHK light curves, we derivethe following absolute orbital and stellar parameters for the twocomponents: = 10160 +/- 160 K,Req,1= 2.12 +/- 0.04 Rsolar,log()1= 4.23; = 5586 +/-110 K, Req,2= 2.36 +/- 0.04 Rsolar,log()2= 3.76; M1= 2.86 +/- 0.09Msolar, q=M2/M1= 0.44 +/- 0.03; a= 7.62+/- 0.09 Rsolar, i= 76.53°+/- 0.3°, e~= 0.0. Here, and log() indicate average surfacevalues, Req is the equivalent radius of the deformed star anda is the orbital size.In our light-curve solutions, the secondary star of AI Dra fills itsRoche lobe (as also indicated by the spectroscopy), thus discountingclaims, based on UBV light curves, that both components of the binaryare located within their Roche lobes. The visible and infraredphotometry show no evidence of any significant infrared excess in thesystem, and the distance of AI Dra is estimated as d= 169 +/- 17 pc.Based on the spectra of AI Dra and template stars in the ranges8210-9060, 6250-7130 and 4040-4920 Å, we classify the stellarcomponents of AI Dra and find that the most probable spectral types areA0V (or perhaps A1V) for the primary and F9.5V for the secondary(although it could reach as far as G4V), respectively. From ourspectroscopic observations, the spectral evolution of AI Dra withorbital phase is also presented. Furthermore, we obtain the projectedrotational velocity of the secondary, whose value turns out to becompatible with the star filling its Roche lobe.
| The Indo-US Library of Coudé Feed Stellar Spectra
We have obtained spectra for 1273 stars using the 0.9 m coudéfeed telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. This telescope feedsthe coudé spectrograph of the 2.1 m telescope. The spectra havebeen obtained with the no. 5 camera of the coudé spectrograph anda Loral 3K×1K CCD. Two gratings have been used to provide spectralcoverage from 3460 to 9464 Å, at a resolution of ~1 Å FWHMand at an original dispersion of 0.44 Å pixel-1. For885 stars we have complete spectra over the entire 3460 to 9464 Åwavelength region (neglecting small gaps of less than 50 Å), andpartial spectral coverage for the remaining stars. The 1273 stars havebeen selected to provide broad coverage of the atmospheric parametersTeff, logg, and [Fe/H], as well as spectral type. The goal ofthe project is to provide a comprehensive library of stellar spectra foruse in the automated classification of stellar and galaxy spectra and ingalaxy population synthesis. In this paper we discuss thecharacteristics of the spectral library, viz., details of theobservations, data reduction procedures, and selection of stars. We alsopresent a few illustrations of the quality and information available inthe spectra. The first version of the complete spectral library is nowpublicly available from the National Optical Astronomy Observatory(NOAO) via ftp and http.
| Classification of Spectra from the Infrared Space Observatory PHT-S Database
We have classified over 1500 infrared spectra obtained with the PHT-Sspectrometer aboard the Infrared Space Observatory according to thesystem developed for the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) spectra byKraemer et al. The majority of these spectra contribute to subclassesthat are either underrepresented in the SWS spectral database or containsources that are too faint, such as M dwarfs, to have been observed byeither the SWS or the Infrared Astronomical Satellite Low ResolutionSpectrometer. There is strong overall agreement about the chemistry ofobjects observed with both instruments. Discrepancies can usually betraced to the different wavelength ranges and sensitivities of theinstruments. Finally, a large subset of the observations (~=250 spectra)exhibit a featureless, red continuum that is consistent with emissionfrom zodiacal dust and suggest directions for further analysis of thisserendipitous measurement of the zodiacal background.Based on observations with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), aEuropean Space Agency (ESA) project with instruments funded by ESAMember States (especially the Principle Investigator countries: France,Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom) and with the participation ofthe Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) and the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
| High-Precision Near-Infrared Photometry of a Large Sample of Bright Stars Visible from the Northern Hemisphere
We present the results of 8 yr of infrared photometric monitoring of alarge sample of stars visible from Teide Observatory (Tenerife, CanaryIslands). The final archive is made up of 10,949 photometric measuresthrough a standard InSb single-channel photometer system, principally inJHK, although some stars have measures in L'. The core of this list ofstars is the standard-star list developed for the Carlos SánchezTelescope. A total of 298 stars have been observed on at least twooccasions on a system carefully linked to the zero point defined byVega. We present high-precision photometry for these stars. The medianuncertainty in magnitude for stars with a minimum of four observationsand thus reliable statistics ranges from 0.0038 mag in J to 0.0033 magin K. Many of these stars are faint enough to be observable with arraydetectors (42 are K>8) and thus to permit a linkage of the bright andfaint infrared photometric systems. We also present photometry of anadditional 25 stars for which the original measures are no longeravailable, plus photometry in L' and/or M of 36 stars from the mainlist. We calculate the mean infrared colors of main-sequence stars fromA0 V to K5 V and show that the locus of the H-K color is linearlycorrelated with J-H. The rms dispersion in the correlation between J-Hand H-K is 0.0073 mag. We use the relationship to interpolate colors forall subclasses from A0 V to K5 V. We find that K and M main-sequence andgiant stars can be separated on the color-color diagram withhigh-precision near-infrared photometry and thus that photometry canallow us to identify potential mistakes in luminosity classclassification.
| Infrared Space Observatory Polarimetric Imaging of the Egg Nebula (RAFGL 2688)
We present polarimetric imaging of the protoplanetary nebula RAFGL 2688obtained at 4.5 μm with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). We havedeconvolved the images to remove the signature of the point spreadfunction of the ISO telescope, to the extent possible. The deconvolved4.5 μm image and polarimetric map reveal a bright point source withfaint, surrounding reflection nebulosity. The reflection nebula isbrightest to the north-northeast, in agreement with previous ground- andspace-based infrared imaging. Comparison with previous near-infraredpolarimetric imaging suggests that the polarization of starlight inducedby the dust grains in RAFGL 2688 is more or less independent ofwavelength between 2 and 4.5 μm. This, in turn, indicates thatscattering dominates over thermal emission at wavelengths as long as ~5μm, and that the dust grains have characteristic radii less than 1μm. Based on observations with ISO (Kessler etal. 1996), an ESA project with instruments funded by ESAmember states (especially the PI countries: France, Germany,Netherlands, and the UK) with the participation of ISAS and NASA.
| Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i
This work is the second part of the set of measurements of v sin i forA-type stars, begun by Royer et al. (\cite{Ror_02a}). Spectra of 249 B8to F2-type stars brighter than V=7 have been collected at Observatoirede Haute-Provence (OHP). Fourier transforms of several line profiles inthe range 4200-4600 Å are used to derive v sin i from thefrequency of the first zero. Statistical analysis of the sampleindicates that measurement error mainly depends on v sin i and thisrelative error of the rotational velocity is found to be about 5% onaverage. The systematic shift with respect to standard values fromSlettebak et al. (\cite{Slk_75}), previously found in the first paper,is here confirmed. Comparisons with data from the literature agree withour findings: v sin i values from Slettebak et al. are underestimatedand the relation between both scales follows a linear law ensuremath vsin inew = 1.03 v sin iold+7.7. Finally, thesedata are combined with those from the previous paper (Royer et al.\cite{Ror_02a}), together with the catalogue of Abt & Morrell(\cite{AbtMol95}). The resulting sample includes some 2150 stars withhomogenized rotational velocities. Based on observations made atObservatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS), France. Tables \ref{results} and\ref{merging} are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/393/897
| ISOPHOT - Photometric calibration of point sources
All observations by the aperture photometer (PHT-P) and the far-infrared(FIR) camera section (PHT-C) of ISOPHOT included reference measurementsagainst stable internal fine calibration sources (FCS) to correct fortemporal drifts in detector responsivities. The FCSs were absolutelycalibrated in-orbit against stars, asteroids and planets, coveringwavelengths from 3.2 to 240 mu m. We present the calibration concept forpoint sources within a flux-range from 60 mJy up to 4500 Jy for staringand raster observations in standard configurations and discuss therequisite measurements and the uncertainties involved. In this processwe correct for instrumental effects like nonlinearities, signaltransients, time variable dark current, misalignments and diffractioneffects. A set of formulae is developed that describes the calibrationfrom signal level to flux densities. The scatter of 10 to 20% of theindividual data points around the derived calibration relations is ameasure of the consistency and typical accuracy of the calibration. Thereproducibility over longer periods of time is better than 10%. Thecalibration tables and algorithms have been implemented in the finalversions of the software for offline processing and interactiveanalysis.
| Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part III. Additional fundamental stars with direct solutions
The FK6 is a suitable combination of the results of the HIPPARCOSastrometry satellite with ground-based data, measured over a longinterval of time and summarized mainly in the FK5. Part III of the FK6(abbreviated FK6(III)) contains additional fundamental stars with directsolutions. Such direct solutions are appropriate for single stars or forobjects which can be treated like single stars. Part III of the FK6contains in total 3272 stars. Their ground-based data stem from thebright extension of the FK5 (735 stars), from the catalogue of remainingSup stars (RSup, 732 stars), and from the faint extension of the FK5(1805 stars). From the 3272 stars in Part III, we have selected 1928objects as "astrometrically excellent stars", since their instantaneousproper motions and their mean (time-averaged) ones do not differsignificantly. Hence most of the astrometrically excellent stars arewell-behaving "single-star candidates" with good astrometric data. Thesestars are most suited for high-precision astrometry. On the other hand,354 of the stars in Part III are Δμ binaries in the sense ofWielen et al. (1999). Many of them are newly discovered probablebinaries with no other hitherto known indication of binarity. The FK6gives, besides the classical "single-star mode" solutions (SI mode),other solutions which take into account the fact that hidden astrometricbinaries among "apparently single-stars" introduce sizable "cosmicerrors" into the quasi-instantaneously measured HIPPARCOS proper motionsand positions. The FK6 gives, in addition to the SI mode, the "long-termprediction (LTP) mode" and the "short-term prediction (STP) mode". TheseLTP and STP modes are on average the most precise solutions forapparently single stars, depending on the epoch difference with respectto the HIPPARCOS epoch of about 1991. The typical mean error of anFK6(III) proper motion in the single-star mode is 0.59 mas/year. This isa factor of 1.34 better than the typical HIPPARCOS errors for thesestars of 0.79 mas/year. In the long-term prediction mode, in whichcosmic errors are taken into account, the FK6(III) proper motions have atypical mean error of 0.93 mas/year, which is by a factor of about 2better than the corresponding error for the HIPPARCOS values of 1.83mas/year (cosmic errors included).
| The ISOCAM/LW Detector Dark Current Behaviour
We describe the calibration, measurements and data reduction, of thedark current of the ISOCAM/LW detector. We point-out the existence oftwo significant drifts of the LW dark-current, one throughout the ISOmission, on a timescale of days, another within each single revolution,on a timescale of hours. We also show the existence of a dependence ofthe dark current on the temperature of the ISOCAM detector. Bycharacterizing all these effects through polynomial fittings, we build amodel for the LW calibration dark, that depends on the epoch ofobservation (parametrized with the revolution number and the timeelapsed in that given revolution since the activation) and on thetemperature of the ISOCAM detector. The model parameters are tuned foreach of ISOCAM/LW pixel. We show that the modelling is very effective intaking into account the dark-current variations and allows a muchcleaner dark subtraction than using a brute average of severalcalibration dark images. The residuals of the LW model-dark subtractionare, on average, similar to the pre-launch expectation.
| The Isocam Responsivity in Orbit. Standard star photometry
An overview is given of the absolute flux calibration of the ISOCAMdetectors. The flux calibration is based on observations of standardstars selected from the Ground Based Preparatory Programme, for whichKurucz stellar models are available. No dependencies of the responsivityon different configurations of the camera were found. No trend ofchanging responsivity is found throughout the mission for the SW and LWdetectors. There exists a decreasing responsivity of about 5% for LWduring the orbit.
| Detection of widely distributed UIR band emission in the disk of NGC 891
The spectrum of the unidentified infrared (UIR) emission bands between5.9 and 11.7 mu m has been observed for the first time in the disk of anexternal galaxy. We have used the low-resolution spectrometer of theISOPHOT instrument aboard ISO. The UIR bands at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3mu m have absolute intensities which are similar to the values observedfor the diffuse emission of our own Galaxy. The UIR bands between 5.9and 11.7 mu m contribute ~ 9% of the total IR radiation of NGC 891. Theintensity ratios and band widths in the NGC 891 disk emission aresimilar to the diffuse emission of the Milky Way, pointing to a commoncarrier for the UIR bands in the two galaxies. However, there are somenotable variations of the band ratios along the major axis of thegalaxy. Based on observations made with ISO, an ESA project withinstruments funded by ESA member states (especially the PI countries:France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) and with theparticipation of ISAS and NASA
| Determination of the temperatures of selected ISO flux calibration stars using the Infrared Flux Method
Effective temperatures for 420 stars with spectral types between A0 andK3, and luminosity classes between II and V, selected for a fluxcalibration of the Infrared Space Observatory, ISO, have been determinedusing the Infrared Flux Method (IRFM). The determinations are based onnarrow and wide band photometric data obtained for this purpose, andtake into account previously published narrow-band measures oftemperature. Regression coefficients are given for relations between thedetermined temperatures and the photometric parameters (B2-V1), (b-y)and (B-V), corrected for interstellar extinction through use ofHipparcos parallaxes. A correction for the effect of metallicity on thedetermination of integrated flux is proposed. The importance of aknowledge of metallicity in the representation of derived temperaturesfor Class V, IV and III stars by empirical functions is discussed andformulae given. An estimate is given for the probable error of eachtemperature determination. Based on data from the ESA HipparcosAstrometry Satellite.
| The Tokyo PMC catalog 90-93: Catalog of positions of 6649 stars observed in 1990 through 1993 with Tokyo photoelectric meridian circle
The sixth annual catalog of the Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle(PMC) is presented for 6649 stars which were observed at least two timesin January 1990 through March 1993. The mean positions of the starsobserved are given in the catalog at the corresponding mean epochs ofobservations of individual stars. The coordinates of the catalog arebased on the FK5 system, and referred to the equinox and equator ofJ2000.0. The mean local deviations of the observed positions from theFK5 catalog positions are constructed for the basic FK5 stars to comparewith those of the Tokyo PMC Catalog 89 and preliminary Hipparcos resultsof H30.
| The Relation between Rotational Velocities and Spectral Peculiarities among A-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJS...99..135A&db_key=AST
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| A survey for rapid variability among early main-sequence A stars
A survey of nonpeculiar early (A0-A5) main-sequence A stars for rapid,low-amplitude variability is presented. The survey is also anindependent test of the main-sequence mass-loss theory proposed byWillson et al. (1986). All observations were gathered with theUniversity of Wisconsin Two-Star Photometer. Several period-searchingmethods are used to analyze time series of differential-photometricdata. This instrument coupled with a computerized high-speed datacollection system was used with small telescopes at Pine BluffObservatory and Table Mountain Observatory. Several period-searchmethods are used to analyze time series of differential-photometricdata. This instrument and data-reduction technique allow millimagnitudelight variations to be detected. The survey also discovered severallow-amplitude Delta Sct stars, all of which are in or blueward of therecognized instability strip.
| Fifth fundamental catalogue. Part 2: The FK5 extension - new fundamental stars
The mean positions and proper motions for 3117 new fundamental starsessentially in the magnitude range about 4.5 to 9.5 are given in thisFK5 extension. Mean apparent visual magnitude is 7.2 and is on average2.5 magnitudes fainter then the basic FK5 which has a mean magnitude of4.7. (The basic FK5 gives the mean positions and proper motions for theclassical 1535 fundamental stars). The following are discussed: theobservational material, reduction of observations, star selection, andthe system for the FK5 extension. An explanation and description of thecatalog are given. The catalog of 3117 fundamental stars for the equinoxand epoch J2000.0 and B1950.0 is presented. The parallaxes and radialvelocities for 22 extension stars with large forecasting effects aregiven. Catalogs used in the compilation of the FK5 fundamental catalogare listed.
| MK classification and photometry of stars used for time and latitude observations at Mizusawa and Washington
MK spectral classifications are given for 591 stars which are used fortime and latitude observations at Mizusawa and Washington. Theclassifications in the MK system were made by slit spectrograms ofdispersion 73 A/mm at H-gamma which were taken with the 91 cm reflectorat the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. Photometric observations in UBV were made with the 1-meter reflector at the Flagstaff Station of U.S.Naval Observatory. The spectrum of HD 139216 was found to show a strongabsorption line of H-beta. The following new Am stars were found:HD9550, 25271, 32784, 57245, 71494, and 219109. The following new Apstars were found: HD6116, 143806, 166894, 185171, and 209260. The threestars, HD80492, 116204, and 211376, were found to show the emission inCaII H and K lines.
| ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. I - A survey for duplicity among the bright stars
A survey of a sample of 672 stars from the Yale Bright Star Catalog(Hoffleit, 1982) has been carried out using speckle interferometry onthe 3.6-cm Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in order to establish thebinary star frequency within the sample. This effort was motivated bythe need for a more observationally determined basis for predicting thefrequency of failure of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fine-guidancesensors to achieve guide-star lock due to duplicity. This survey of 426dwarfs and 246 evolved stars yielded measurements of 52 newly discoveredbinaries and 60 previously known binary systems. It is shown that thefrequency of close visual binaries in the separation range 0.04-0.25arcsec is 11 percent, or nearly 3.5 times that previously known.
| Photoelectric UBV photometry for 317 PZT and VZT stars
UBV data were taken of 317 stars to fill gaps in photoelectric recordsneeded for establishing a terrestrial reference frame for earthorientation purposes. The study supplied the magnitudes and colors andaided in identifying nearby stars without trigonometric parallaxes. Thesurvey averaged over three observations of each object. A complete tableof the V, B-V, U-B and number of observations of each object isprovided.
| UBV photometry of FK4 and FK4 supplement stars
Traditional UBV filters, together with a photomultiplier, have been usedin 40-m Cassegrain telescope observations of all northern stars of theFK4 catalog and its supplement, which have heretofore lacked V and V-Bmeasurements. The resulting UBV photometry for 320 stars is presented intabular form.
| Photoelectric K-line indices for 165 B, A and F stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1978A&AS...34..441P&db_key=AST
| Multicolor photometry of metallic-line stars. II. Additional observations of nu Dra.
RESUMEN Hemos obtenido datos adicionales y de mejor calidad, en elsistema fotoelectrico LBVRI, de las estrellas BS 655 y BS 6555. Elprograma de observaci6n consisti6 de 171 observaciones de estrellaspatr6n, 370 de comparaci6n y 218 de cada una de las componentes de pDraconis. Los resultados indican que la fotometria obtenida es de granprecisi6n y que durante el periodo de observaci6n ninguna de las dosestrellas BS 655 y BS 6555 sufri6 variaciones de luz mayores que 0.005magnitudes. ABSTRACT We have obtained additional and improved UBVRIphotometric data for BS 655 and BS 6555. The program has consisted of171 observations of standard stars, 370 of comparison stars and 218 ofeach component of p Draconis. The results indicate a high quality set ofphotometric measurements which show that during the observations neitherBS 655 nor BS 6555 suffered light variations larger than 0.005 mag. Keywords: METALLIC-LINE STARS - VARIABLE STARS - PHOTOMETRY.
| The relativity shift at the 1952 Feb. 25 eclipse of the Sun.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Draco |
| Right ascension: | 17h26m04.90s |
| Declination: | +58°39'07.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 6.51 |
| Distance: | 109.29 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -8.9 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 14.1 |
| B-T magnitude: | 6.653 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.511 |
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